http://www.cocoachina.com/bbs/read.php?tid-31300-page-1.html

 

一:确认网络环境3G/WIFI

    1. 添加源文件和framework
    
    开发Web等网络应用程序的时候,需要确认网络环境,连接情况等信息。如果没有处理它们,是不会通过Apple的审(我们的)查的。
    Apple 的 例程 Reachability 中介绍了取得/检测网络状态的方法。要在应用程序程序中使用Reachability,首先要完成如下两部:
    
    1.1. 添加源文件:
    在你的程序中使用 Reachability 只须将该例程中的 Reachability.h 和 Reachability.m 拷贝到你的工程中。如下图:
    
    
    1.2.添加framework:
    将SystemConfiguration.framework 添加进工程。如下图:
    
    
    2. 网络状态
    
    Reachability.h中定义了三种网络状态:
    typedef enum {
        NotReachable = 0,            //无连接
        ReachableViaWiFi,            //使用3G/GPRS网络
        ReachableViaWWAN            //使用WiFi网络
    } NetworkStatus;
    
    因此可以这样检查网络状态:
    Reachability *r = [Reachability reachabilityWithHostName:@“”];
    switch ([r currentReachabilityStatus]) {
            case NotReachable:
                    // 没有网络连接
                    break;
            case ReachableViaWWAN:
                    // 使用3G网络
                    break;
            case ReachableViaWiFi:
                    // 使用WiFi网络
                    break;
    }
    
    3.检查当前网络环境
    程序启动时,如果想检测可用的网络环境,可以像这样
    // 是否wifi
    + (BOOL) IsEnableWIFI {
        return ([[Reachability reachabilityForLocalWiFi] currentReachabilityStatus] != NotReachable);
    }
    // 是否3G
    + (BOOL) IsEnable3G {
        return ([[Reachability reachabilityForInternetConnection] currentReachabilityStatus] != NotReachable);
    }
    例子:
    - (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated {    
    if (([Reachability reachabilityForInternetConnection].currentReachabilityStatus == NotReachable) &&
            ([Reachability reachabilityForLocalWiFi].currentReachabilityStatus == NotReachable)) {
            self.navigationItem.hidesBackButton = YES;
            [self.navigationItem setLeftBarButtonItem:nil animated:NO];
        }
    }
    4. 链接状态的实时通知
    网络连接状态的实时检查,通知在网络应用中也是十分必要的。接续状态发生变化时,需要及时地通知用户:
    
    Reachability 1.5版本
    // My.AppDelegate.h
    #import "Reachability.h"
    @interface MyAppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> {
        NetworkStatus remoteHostStatus;
    }
    @property NetworkStatus remoteHostStatus;
    @end
    // My.AppDelegate.m
    #import "MyAppDelegate.h"
    @implementation MyAppDelegate
    @synthesize remoteHostStatus;
    // 更新网络状态
    - (void)updateStatus {
        self.remoteHostStatus = [[Reachability sharedReachability] remoteHostStatus];
    }
    // 通知网络状态
    - (void)reachabilityChanged:(NSNotification *)note {
        [self updateStatus];
        if (self.remoteHostStatus == NotReachable) {
            UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:NSLocalizedString(@"AppName", nil)
                         message:NSLocalizedString (@"NotReachable", nil)
                        delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"OK" otherButtonTitles: nil];
            [alert show];
            [alert release];
        }
    }
    // 程序启动器,启动网络监视
    - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application {
    
        // 设置网络检测的站点
        [[Reachability sharedReachability] setHostName:@"www.apple.com"];
        [[Reachability sharedReachability] setNetworkStatusNotificationsEnabled:YES];
        // 设置网络状态变化时的通知函数
        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(reachabilityChanged:)
                                                 name:@"kNetworkReachabilityChangedNotification" object:nil];
        [self updateStatus];
    }
    - (void)dealloc {
        // 删除通知对象
        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self];
        [window release];
        [super dealloc];
    }
    
    Reachability 2.0版本
    
    // MyAppDelegate.h
    @class Reachability;
        @interface MyAppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> {
            Reachability  *hostReach;
        }
    @end
    // MyAppDelegate.m
    - (void)reachabilityChanged:(NSNotification *)note {
        Reachability* curReach = [note object];
        NSParameterAssert([curReach isKindOfClass: [Reachability class]]);
        NetworkStatus status = [curReach currentReachabilityStatus];
    
        if (status == NotReachable) {
            UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"AppName""
                              message:@"NotReachable"
                              delegate:nil
                              cancelButtonTitle:@"YES" otherButtonTitles:nil];
                              [alert show];
                              [alert release];
        }
    }
                              
    - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application {
        // ...
                  
        // 监测网络情况
        [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self
                              selector:@selector(reachabilityChanged:)
                              name: kReachabilityChangedNotification
                              object: nil];
        hostReach = [[Reachability reachabilityWithHostName:@"www.google.com"] retain];
        hostReach startNotifer];
        // ...
    }
二:使用NSConnection下载数据
    
    1.创建NSConnection对象,设置委托对象
    
    NSMutableURLRequest *request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:[self urlString]]];
    [NSURLConnection connectionWithRequest:request delegate:self];
    
    2. NSURLConnection delegate委托方法
        - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response;  
        - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error;  
        - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data;  
        - (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection;  
    3. 实现委托方法
    - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response {
        // store data
        [self.receivedData setLength:0];            //通常在这里先清空接受数据的缓存
    }
    
    - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data {
           /* appends the new data to the received data */
        [self.receivedData appendData:data];        //可能多次收到数据,把新的数据添加在现有数据最后
    }
    - (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error {
        // 错误处理
    }
    - (void)connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection {
        // disconnect
        [UIApplication sharedApplication].networkActivityIndicatorVisible = NO;  
        NSString *returnString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:self.receivedData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
        NSLog(returnString);
        [self urlLoaded:[self urlString] data:self.receivedData];
        firstTimeDownloaded = YES;
    }
三:使用NSXMLParser解析xml文件
    1. 设置委托对象,开始解析
    NSXMLParser *parser = [[NSXMLParser alloc] initWithData:data];   //或者也可以使用initWithContentsOfURL直接下载文件,但是有一个原因不这么做:
    // It's also possible to have NSXMLParser download the data, by passing it a URL, but this is not desirable
    // because it gives less control over the network, particularly in responding to connection errors.
    [parser setDelegate:self];
    [parser parse];
    2. 常用的委托方法
    - (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didStartElement:(NSString *)elementName
                                namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI
                                qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName
                                attributes:(NSDictionary *)attributeDict;
    - (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString *)elementName
                                namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI
                                qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName;
    - (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser foundCharacters:(NSString *)string;
    - (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser parseErrorOccurred:(NSError *)parseError;
    static NSString *feedURLString = @"http://www.yifeiyang.net/test/test.xml";
    3.  应用举例
    - (void)parseXMLFileAtURL:(NSURL *)URL parseError:(NSError **)error
    {
        NSXMLParser *parser = [[NSXMLParser alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:URL];
        [parser setDelegate:self];
        [parser setShouldProcessNamespaces:NO];
        [parser setShouldReportNamespacePrefixes:NO];
        [parser setShouldResolveExternalEntities:NO];
        [parser parse];
        NSError *parseError = [parser parserError];
        if (parseError && error) {
            *error = parseError;
        }
        [parser release];
    }
    - (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didStartElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI
                                        qualifiedName:(NSString*)qName attributes:(NSDictionary *)attributeDict{
        // 元素开始句柄
        if (qName) {
            elementName = qName;
        }
        if ([elementName isEqualToString:@"user"]) {
            // 输出属性值
            NSLog(@"Name is %@ , Age is %@", [attributeDict objectForKey:@"name"], [attributeDict objectForKey:@"age"]);
        }
    }
    - (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser didEndElement:(NSString *)elementName namespaceURI:(NSString *)namespaceURI
                                        qualifiedName:(NSString *)qName
    {
        // 元素终了句柄
        if (qName) {
               elementName = qName;
        }
    }
    - (void)parser:(NSXMLParser *)parser foundCharacters:(NSString *)string
    {
        // 取得元素的text
    }
    NSError *parseError = nil;
    [self parseXMLFileAtURL:[NSURL URLWithString:feedURLString] parseError:&parseError];

使用NSOperation和NSOperationQueue启动多线程
在app store中的很多应用程序非常的笨重,他们有好的界面,但操作性很差,比如说当程序从网上或本地载入数据的时候,界面被冻结了,用户只能等程序完全载入数据之后才能进行操作。
当 打开一个应用程序时,iphone会产生一个包含main方法的线程,所用程序中的界面都是运行在这个线程之中的(table views, tab bars, alerts…),有时候我们会用数据填充这些view,现在问        题是如何有效的载入数据,并且用户还能自如的操作程序。方法是启动新的线 程,专门用于数据的下载,而主线程不会因为下载数据被阻塞。
不管使用任何编程语言,在实现多线程时都是一件很麻烦的事情。更糟糕的是,一旦出错, 这种错误通常相当糟糕。然而,幸运的是apple从os x10.5在这方面做了很多的改进,NSThread的引入,使得开发多线程应用程序容易多了。除此之外,它们还引入了两个全新的 类,NSOperation和NSOperationQueue。
接下来我们通过一个实例来剖析如何使用这两个类实现多线程。这里指示展示这两个类的基本用法,当然这不是使用他们的唯一办法。
如 果你熟悉java或者它的别的变种语言的话 ,你会发现NSOperation对象很像java.lang.Runnable接口,就像java.lang.Runnable接口那 样,NSOperation类也被设计为可扩展的,而且只有一个需要重写的方法。它就是-(void)main。使用NSOperation的最简单的方 式就是把一个NSOperation对象加入到NSOperationQueue队列中,一旦这个对象被加入到队列,队列就开始处理这个对象,直到这个对 象的所有操作完成。然后它被队列释放。
下面的例子中,使用一个获取网页,并对其解析程NSXMLDocument,最后将解析得到的NSXMLDocument返回给主线程。
    
PageLoadOperation.h@interface PageLoadOperation : NSOperation {
    NSURL *targetURL;}
@property(retain) NSURL *targetURL;
- (id)initWithURL:(NSURL*)url;@end
PageLoadOperation.m
#import "PageLoadOperation.h"#import "AppDelegate.h"@implementation PageLoadOperation@synthesize targetURL;- (id)initWithURL:(NSURL*)url;{
    if (![super init]) return nil;
    [self setTargetURL:url];
    return self;}- (void)dealloc {
    [targetURL release], targetURL = nil;
    [super dealloc];
}
- (void)main
{
    NSString *webpageString = [[[NSString alloc]
    initWithContentsOfURL:[self targetURL]] autorelease];
    NSError *error = nil;
    NSXMLDocument *document = [[NSXMLDocument alloc]
    initWithXMLString:webpageString
    options:NSXMLDocumentTidyHTML error:&error];
    if (!document) {
        NSLog(@"%s Error loading document (%@): %@",
        _cmd, [[self targetURL] absoluteString], error);
         return;
    }
    [[AppDelegate shared]
    performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(pageLoaded:)
         withObject:document waitUntilDone:YES];
    [document release];
}
@end
    正 如我们所看到的那样,这个类相当的简单,在它的init方法中接受一个url并保存起来,当main函数被调用的时候,它使用这个保存的url创建一个字 符串,并将这个字符串传递给NSXMLDocumentinit方法。如果加载的xml数据没有出错,数据会被传递给AppDelegate,它处于主线 程中。到此,这个线程的任务就完成了。在主线程中注销操作队列的时候,会将这个NSOperation对象释放。
AppDelegate.h
@interface AppDelegate : NSObject {
    NSOperationQueue *queue;
}+ (id)shared;- (void)pageLoaded:(NSXMLDocument*)document;@endAppDelegate.m        #import "AppDelegate.h"#import "PageLoadOperation.h"@implementation AppDelegate
static AppDelegate *shared;
static NSArray *urlArray;
- (id)init
{
    if (shared)
    {
        [self autorelease];
        return shared;
    }
    if (![super init]) return nil;    NSMutableArray *array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];[array addObject:@"http://www.google.com"];[array addObject:@"http://www.apple.com"];[array addObject:@"http://www.yahoo.com"];[array addObject:@"http://www.zarrastudios.com"];[array addObject:@"http://www.macosxhints.com"];urlArray = array;    queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];shared = self;return self;
    }
    •    (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:
    (NSNotification *)aNotification
{
        for (NSString *urlString in urlArray)
        {
        NSURL *url =
        [NSURL URLWithString:urlString];        PageLoadOperation *plo =
        [[PageLoadOperation alloc] initWithURL:url];
        [queue addOperation:plo];
        [plo release];
        }
}
- (void)dealloc
{
        [queue release], queue = nil;
        [super dealloc];
}
+ (id)shared;
{
        if (!shared) {
            [[AppDelegate alloc] init];
        }
        return shared;
}
- (void)pageLoaded:(NSXMLDocument*)document;
{
        NSLog(@"%s Do something with the XMLDocument: %@",
             _cmd, document);
}
@end
NSOperationQueue的并行控制(NSOperationQueue Concurrency)
        在 上面这个简单的例子中,我们很难看出这些操作是并行运行的,然而,如果你你的操作花费的时间远远比这里的要长,你将会发现,队列是同时执行这些操作的。幸 运的是,如果你想要为队列限制同时只能运行几个操作,你可以使用NSOperationQueue的 setMaxConcurrentOperationCount:方法。例如,[queue setMaxConcurrentOperationCount:2];